a system functions as a biological clock that regulates the sleep-wake
cycle over a 24-hour period. It can be disrupted by a sleep disorder characterized by
difficulty in initiating or maintaining sleep, which can affect individuals of various age
groups.

Melatonin is a hormone that regulates sleep and circadian rhythms during the ageing
process, affecting both the body and brain. Individuals at risk of neurodevelopmental
disorders may have an increased susceptibility to sleep issues, particularly those with
autistic spectrum disorder. Melatonin supplementation can improve their quality of
life.Administering melatonin from an external source has been found to be beneficial in
regulating sleep-wake cycles and improving sleep quality. Melatonin is widely
recognised as the primary pharmacological treatment for insomnia. Pyridoxine
insufficiency is believed to elevate the likelihood of psychological disorders and disrupt
sleep maintenance. Consequently, numerous pharmaceutical formulations of
melatonin combined with vitamin B6 have been developed to enhance sleep quality.