Obesity is associated with a magnitude of complications. These include metabolic
complications, cardiovascular events, tumors, gastrointestinal disorders, arthritis, and
infertility. which occurs as a result of complex relationships between genetic,
socioeconomic, and cultural influences. Obesity is responsible for an increased risk of
impairment of producing offspring and infertility. Obese females are unsatisfactory to
meet a need for reproductive outcomes regardless of the mode of conception, so higher
body mass index (BMI) is associated with poorer fertility prognosis. Polycystic ovary
syndrome (PCOS) is one of the leading causes of infertility, and many women with
PCOS are also overweight or obese. Obesity is associated with infertility in women
through multiple and complex mechanisms. Briefly, the adipose tissue through the
production of many factors, such as leptin, free fatty acids (FFA), and cytokines may
affect both ovarian and endometrium functions, with a final alteration in oocyte
maturation endometrial receptivity. In addition, through the development of peripheral
insulin resistance obesity produces a condition of functional hyperandrogenism and
hyperestrogenism that contribute to produce anovulation and reducing endometrial
receptivity.
Obesity in women represents a significant problem during pregnancy, and
childbirth, with a well-recognized reduction in the chance of conception for both Assisted
Reproduction Techniques( ART) and non-ART pregnancies as well as an increased risk
of complications during pregnancy and childbirth. Although there are no practical
indications to guide the clinician to choose the best method among increased physical
activity, diet, drugs, and bariatric surgery. Weight reduction represents the most
significant factor affecting fertility and pregnancy outcomes. So the best strategy starts
with comprehensive lifestyle management and may include the use of approved weight
loss medications to ameliorate comorbidities and achieve meaningful clinical outcomes