Review Article
04 Jun 2026
a system functions as a biological clock that regulates the sleep-wake
cycle over a 24-hour period. It can be disrupted by a sleep disorder characterized by
difficulty in initiating or maintaining sleep, which can affect individuals of various age
groups.
Melatonin is a hormone that regulates sleep and circadian rhythms during the ageing
process, affecting both the body and brain. Individuals at risk of neurodevelopmental
disorders may have an increased susceptibility to sleep issues, particularly those with
autistic spectrum disorder. Melatonin supplementation can improve their quality of
life.Administering melatonin from an external source has been found to be beneficial in
regulating sleep-wake cycles and improving sleep quality. Melatonin is widely
recognised as the primary pharmacological treatment for insomnia. Pyridoxine
insufficiency is believed to elevate the likelihood of psychological disorders and disrupt
sleep maintenance. Consequently, numerous pharmaceutical formulations of
melatonin combined with vitamin B6 have been developed to enhance sleep quality.
Dr. Alfredo Berzal-Herranz, Dr. Fatima Al-Zahra
autism spectrum disorder . rhythms ( ASD ) , melatonin ( MLT) , vitamin B6, sleep , circadian
Review Article
03 Jun 2026
Background: Gap PCR identifies DNA insertions or deletions; this helps in genetic research by
identifying mutations.
Method: This study was conducted based on research in scientific electronic research sites.
Conclusion: diagnostic precision value supports detecting therapy as well as understanding genetic
variations driving pathologies.
Dr. Alfredo Berzal-Herranz, Amélia Pilar Rauter
Review Article
03 Jun 2026
Female reproductive tract infections (FRTIs) represent a significant health concern for women, particularly among married women, due to their adverse effects on reproductive health. This review was conducted to examine the various types and underlying causes of FRTIs in married women. The findings highlight the high prevalence of these infections, especially during pregnancy, when they may be transmitted to the fetus either in utero or during delivery. FRTIs encompass a range of viral, fungal, and bacterial infections that arise from numerous contributing factors, including unsafe sexual practices, inadequate personal hygiene, social and environmental influences, compromised immune function, excessive medication use, and certain contraceptive methods. Additionally, female sex hormones play a crucial role in susceptibility to infection by affecting physiological, immunological, and behavioral processes. A thorough understanding of these determinants is vital for designing effective prevention and control measures. Given the widespread occurrence of FRTIs, a comprehensive strategy is required to evaluate and mitigate the associated health risks for both mothers and their children.
Oguz Ataberk, Dr. Mary J. Meegan , Prof. James Harrington
Original Article
06 Mar 2026
Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterised by the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra. Curcumin, the principal bioactive compound of Curcuma longa, has demonstrated anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties in multiple experimental models. Methods: We employed an MPTP-induced murine model to evaluate the neuroprotective potential of curcumin administered at doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg body weight. Behavioural assessments including rotarod performance and open-field tests were conducted. Dopaminergic neuron counts and oxidative stress markers were quantified. Results: Curcumin at 200 mg/kg significantly attenuated MPTP-induced dopaminergic neurodegeneration (p < 0.01), improved motor performance, and reduced malondialdehyde levels by 42% compared to untreated controls. Conclusions: These findings suggest that curcumin exerts dose-dependent neuroprotective effects in PD models, warranting further investigation into its translational potential.
Dr. Omar Hassan, Dr. Lena Hoffmann
Parkinson's disease
curcumin
neuroprotection
MPTP model
Review Article
06 Mar 2026
The human gut microbiome, comprising trillions of microorganisms, plays a pivotal role in metabolic homeostasis. Emerging evidence implicates dysbiosis of the gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This review synthesises current literature on the mechanistic links between microbiome composition and insulin resistance, inflammation, and gluconeogenesis. We examine findings from metagenomic studies, germ-free animal models, and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) experiments. The evidence supports a bidirectional relationship between glycaemic dysregulation and microbial imbalance. Therapeutic strategies including probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and FMT are evaluated in the context of available clinical trial data. Future directions for microbiome-targeted interventions in T2DM management are discussed.
Dr. Nadia Karimi
gut microbiome
type 2 diabetes
dysbiosis
insulin resistance
Original Article
06 Mar 2026
Objective: To characterise the antimicrobial resistance profiles of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from ICU patients in Baghdad tertiary care hospitals. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted across three teaching hospitals between January and December 2025. A total of 184 K. pneumoniae isolates were recovered from blood, urine, and respiratory samples. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed using the Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method and confirmed by MIC determination. Carbapenem-resistant isolates were screened for resistance genes by PCR. Results: Resistance rates to carbapenems reached 38.6% (71/184). The blaKPC gene was detected in 56.3% of carbapenem-resistant isolates. High rates of resistance were also observed for cephalosporins (82%) and fluoroquinolones (74%). Conclusions: The high prevalence of multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae in Baghdad ICUs represents a significant public health concern requiring urgent antimicrobial stewardship interventions.
Dr. Omar Hassan, Dr. Zainab Mahdi, Prof. Ahmed Al-Tai
Klebsiella pneumoniae
antimicrobial resistance
carbapenem resistance
ICU
